James Browns Influence on Michael Jackson - 2548 Words

1. Topic Question: Unquestionably one of the most influential musical pioneers of the last half-century, James Brown, often known as â€Å"The Godfather of Soul†, laid a musical foundation that many artists were influenced by. Ranging from Mick Jagger to Afrika Bambaataa to Jay Z, Brown’s musical characteristics can be seen in various artists. How did the music of Michael Jackson demonstrate the influence of James Brown? 2. Introduction: â€Å"The Godfather of Soul†, better known as James Brown grew to be one of the most influential artists in Michael Jackson’s life. As a child Michael Jackson was intrigued by Brown’s flamboyant performances on stage and would soon begin to implement them into his own stage acts. By the age of five Michael†¦show more content†¦Ã¢â‚¬Å"Billie Jean† is the second single from Michael Jackson’s sixth solo album, â€Å"Thriller†. It was both written and composed by Michael Jackson and produced by him and Quincy Jones in 1982. Like most of Michael Jackson’s song, â€Å"Billie Jean† became one of the best-selling singles worldwide. This song is classified as RB because of its soulful singing, driving bass line, strong backbeat, and instrumentation. As the song begins the instruments act as a pre-chorus. The instruments incorporated within the song are: a drum set, drum machine, electric bass, guitar and a synthesizer. â€Å" Billie Jean† has a moderate tempo where; the instrumentation builds as the song approaches choruses and develops as the song progresses. After two measures of the rhythm played on the drum set, the driving bass line is introduced which is the foundation of this song. Jackson’s vocals are highly emotive as he sings his story of mistrust. I believe an important factor that makes this song so special is the performance Michael Jackson gave at Motown’s 25th Anniversary special. This performance became an iconic moment for Jackson as a world of music, dance and fashion collided all at once as he debuted his signature move, the â€Å"moonwalk†. The night of Motown’s 25th Anniversary special is clearly another example that shows James Brown’s musical influence. Elements ofShow MoreRelatedThe Godfather of Soul Better Known as James Brown1890 Words   |  8 PagesCuratorial Project: James Brown in Michael Jackson’s Life 1. Topic Question: Unquestionably one of the most influential musical pioneers of the last half-century, James Brown, often known as â€Å"The Godfather of Soul†, laid a musical foundation that many artists were influenced by. Ranging from Mick Jagger to Afrika Bambaataa to Jay Z, Brown’s musical characteristics can be seen in various artists. How did the music of Michael Jackson demonstrate the influence of James Brown? 2. Introduction: Read MoreTaylor Bryson. Music 12. Zilber. 10 May 2017. Michael Jackson.1591 Words   |  7 PagesTaylor Bryson Music 12 Zilber 10 May 2017 Michael Jackson Michael Jackson is unquestionably one of the most well-known musical artists in music history. His musical achievements rightfully earned him the title of the â€Å"King of Pop†. Jackson began his musical career at a very young age with his four older brothers, and together they formed the band, The Jackson 5. They grew up in Gary, Indiana, in a lower middle-class family. The Jackson family was a large family of twelve, but they lived in justRead MoreThe Origins Of Jazz Into Hiphop940 Words   |  4 Pagesperiods. It is almost as if music became a problem free zone for musicians of that time; it was an escape. Of the various artists there are three that come to my mind when I think about their influence to their time period as well as their influences to future times periods. These artist included, Jimi Hendrix, James Brown, and Elvis Presley. Elvis Presley was an important Rock and Roll artist of his time period. He was known for being a rebel and supposedly causing white people to rebel as blacks didRead MoreThe History of Rock and Roll: Copyright Not Included2811 Words   |  12 PagesPeter Clark Professor James Smethurst AFROAM 151 December 5, 2012 The History Of Rock and Roll: Copyright Not Included The history of black America is one filled with exploitation and abuse. Time and time again we see the â€Å"cultural rape† of the black community. Whether it be style, lingo, or music white culture has been â€Å"borrowing† from black culture since the early history of the United States. It is so obvious it almost passes unnoticed. For example the handshake has largely been replacedRead MoreTerrorism And The Terrorist Attacks3869 Words   |  16 Pagesspread fear for some alleged political goal. The KKK was founded on December 24, 1865 in Pulaski, Tennessee consider to be the original domestic terrorist. By six college students J. Calvin Jones, Frank O. McCord, John B. Kennedy, John C. Lester, James R. Crowe, and Richard R. Reed. Before their was a name for the KKK, African Americans called the Klan the ghost of the â€Å"Confederate Soldiers† because of the white sheets they wore. The KKK rapidly grew after the 13th amendment which abolished slaveryRead MoreInsight to Coach Carter Film7710 Words   |  31 Pagesforever when Coach Ken Carter padlocked the gym, refusing the players access for failing to keep up their grades. Inspired by a true story, â€Å"Coach Carter† is an inspirational account of controversial high school basketball coach Ken Carter (Samuel L. Jackson), who received both high praise and staunch criticism when he made national news for benching his entire undefeated team for poor academic performance. Set in Richmond, California, this ro using, heartfelt portrayal of human courage and convictionRead MoreChildrens Literature13219 Words   |  53 Pagesfamily magazines as children, and bits of their juvenilia were reworked into published childrens books. More often, childrens books result from the collaboration or direct inspiration of a specific child or group of children with an adult author. James Barries friendship with the Lewelyn Davies boys resulted in the play Peter Pan, or The Boy Who Would Not Grow Up (1904) and the novel Peter and Wendy (1911). The bedtime stories that A.A. Milne told his son Christopher Robin were revised into Winnie-the-PoohRead MoreExploring Corporate Strategy - Case164366 Words   |  658 Pagesresources, and corporate strategy, particularly regarding diversiï ¬ cation and internationalisation. There are also issues of ownership and organisation. In the end, the fundamental question is: what future for the Ministry? ââ€"  ââ€"  ââ€"  In 1991, 28-year-old James Palumbo invested  £225,000 (≈a340,000) of his own capital into a new dance club located in an old South London bus depot. As an old Etonian (the UK’s most elitist private school), a graduate of Oxford University and a former merchant banker, PalumboRead MoreLogical Reasoning189930 Words   |  760 PagesMonticello; Phyllis Berger, Diablo Valley College; Kevin Galvin, East Los Angeles College; Jacquelyn Ann Kegley, California State University-Bakersfield; Darryl Mehring, University of Colorado at Denver; Dean J. Nelson, Dutchess Community College; James E. Parejko, Chicago State University; Robert Sessions, Kirkwood Community College; and Stephanie Tucker, California State University Sacramento. Thinking and writing about logical reasoning has been enjoyable for me, but special thanks go to my children

Analysis Of The Poem Mending Wall - 821 Words

Fenil Patel Composition II Prof: Jon Anderson September 19, 201 â€Å"Mending Wall† a poem by Robert Frost seems to take place in countryside estate. Main theme in the poem is, whether the wall is necessary to have the good relation between neighbors. Narrator seems to think the wall is not so necessary as it separates him and his neighbor. However, he does find talking to his neighbor about the wall. but does provide a sense of privacy which is not bad. Frost is separating habit and and tradition on one side and logics on another. Frost is drawing tradition on one side and logic and reason on one side. He says that sometimes it is unnecessary to put an extra efforts on something that is useless. And maybe not, fences does not good†¦show more content†¦Neighbors tend to repair the wall every spring just to find it destroyed next year. Despite of the fact that narrator is one of those neighbor who likes the wall, it is narrator who first reminds his neighbor to repair the wall. Moreover, the narrator walks along the point in spring to heal the damaged wall that has been done by hunters. Narrator is more active than his neighbor finding evidence in (line 12) â€Å"I let my neighbor know beyond the hill†. Both the work very hard to build the wall depicting from â€Å"We wear our fingers rough with handling them† [stones]. The poet gives flawless idea how this ‘separating’ walls unite two neighbour. The narrator is skeptical of this tradition, he is unable to understand the need of wall where there is no livestock on the property only the pine trees and apple trees. Both of them decides to walk along the wall and pick up the stones from their respective sides. Some stones are in shape of bread loaves and some like round balls. In this poem, neighbor repeats the phrase, â€Å"Good fences make good neighbor†. Narrator tries to explain his neighbor that there is no need to build the wall and condemn for being old fashioned and maintaining the tradition so stringently. Neighbor believes that rebuilding the wall, strengthens the bond between them and helps each person to respect the each other. Narrator sees the job of rebuilding of a wall as a â€Å"game† but the neighbor takes this job moreShow MoreRelatedPoem Analysis of Mending Wall1121 Words   |  5 Pages2011 Professor ****** Poem Analysis Mending Wall I chose this poem because the wall reminds me of my personal struggles with other people. When people annoy or bother me I instantly put up an imaginary wall between me and that person. They ask me to stop ignoring them and I just shrug their request, just like in this poem. I decide that the wall between us is better up than down because I was afraid of getting mad and saying things that I would regret later on. Mending Wall, by Robert Frost portraysRead MoreAnalysis of Frosts Poem, Mending Wall Essay1003 Words   |  5 Pagesin the poem â€Å"Mending Wall† shows the reader an example of two different kinds of people. One kind of person is open to the idea of friendship and is willing to make an effort to try to dissolve any conflict, and try to get along with someone else anyway possible. Then there is the other side which is against the idea of change, someone who is closed to the idea of something new and against breaking down social barriers. Yet both sides seem to find their common ground meeting at the wall. â€Å"MendingRead MoreAnalysis Of Robert Frost s The Mending Wall 1311 Words   |  6 PagesIn Robert Frost the Mending Wall it is about the obligation of boundaries and the deceiving influences employed to abolish them. The poem shows how two individuals have different opinions on a wall that divides their properties. As the poem goes on, one would think that there is a connection between the two, through the rebuilding of the wall every spring. Richard Cory and Miniver Cheevy have many similarities as well as differences, on one hand you have a rich and depressed individual that is admiredRead MoreRobert Frosts Mending Wall1210 Words   |  5 PagesAnalysis Mending Wall, By Robert Frost In Mending Wall, Robert Frost uses a series of contrasts, to express his own conflict between tradition and creation. By describing the annual ritual of two neighbors repairing the wall between them, he contrasts both neighbors through their ideas and actions, intertwining the use of parallelism and metaphors, in order to display his own innermost conflict as a poet; the balance between what is to be said and what is to be left to the reader, the balanceRead MoreAnalysis of Mending Wall by Robert Frost Essay670 Words   |  3 PagesAnalysis of Mending Wall by Robert Frost Robert Frost is describing a process in Mending Wall, which is repairing a wall that separates his territory and his neighbors. The wall was deteriorated during the winter, when the cold frost created cracks and gaps in the wall. He uses a nearly infantile imagination to unravel the mystery of the damage that appeared suddenly in spring. While they are tediously laboring to reconstruct the fence, Frost is imploring his neighbor about the useRead More the mending wall Essay557 Words   |  3 Pages ANALYSIS #2: THE MENDING WALL nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;In the poem, â€Å"The Mending Wall† Frost creates a lot of ambiguity in order to leave the poem open for interpretation. Frost’s description of every detail in this poem is very interesting, it leaves the reader to decide for themselves what deductions they are to be making of the poem. To begin with, Frost makes literal implications about what the two men are doing. For instance, they are physically putting theRead MoreThe Mending Wall By Robert Frost Essay1695 Words   |  7 PagesRobert Frost`s poem â€Å"The Mending Wall† was first â€Å"published in 1914 by David Nutt in North of Boston† (Modern American Poetry). This poem is narrated by a New England farmer, who does not want to build a wall between the two farms. Some scholars may see this term â€Å"Wall† as a boundary line between two countries. Others can argue that this is an allegory, which depicts how neighbors as well are in the human sense, must care for and try to understand one another in spite the differences. I will argueRead MoreEssay about The Dark Side of Humanity Exposed in Robert Frosts Poetry991 Words   |  4 Pagesportrayed through the use of symbolism, vivid imagery, and selective word choice. Frosts poems appear to be simple on the surface, yet upon further scrutiny the poems reveal themselves as elusive. Frost utilizes ordinary objects to create a deeper meaning. For example, the poem Mending Wall, appears to be about the differences between two neighbors and their ideas on rebuilding a wall. On the other hand, the wall may be viewed, in a more general sense, as a symbol to represent all the antagonisticRead MoreThe Dark Side of Robert Frost’s Nature Essay2339 Words   |  10 Pagesfor his poems about nature, he writes about trees, flowers, and animals. This is a common misconception, Robert Frost is more than someone who writes a happy poem about nature. The elements of nature he uses are symbolic of something more, something darker, and something that needs close attention to be discovered. Flowers might not always represent beauty in Robert Frost’s poetry. Symbolism is present in every line of the nature’s poet’s poems. The everyday object s present in his poems provide theRead More An Analysis of Mending Wall Essay2101 Words   |  9 PagesAn Analysis of Mending Wall Robert Frost once said that Mending Wall was a poem that was spoiled by being applied. What did he mean by applied? Any poem is damaged by being misunderstood, but thats the risk all poems run. What Frost objects to, I think, is a reduction and distortion of the poem through practical use. When President John F. Kennedy inspected the Berlin Wall he quoted the poems first line: Something there is that doesnt love a wall. His audience knew what he meant and

The importance of branding in service companies Free Essays

string(178) " developed which non merely takes into history environmental factors, but besides an designation of pupil demands and the ability of the establishment to run into these demands\." Branding plays a particular function in service companies because strong trade names addition clients ‘ trust of the unseeable purchase. Strong brands enable clients to better visualise and understand intangible merchandises. They cut down clients ‘ perceived pecuniary, societal, or safety hazard in purchasing services, which are hard to measure anterior to buy. We will write a custom essay sample on The importance of branding in service companies or any similar topic only for you Order Now Strong trade names are the alternates when the company offers no cloth to touch, no pants to seek on, no Citrullus vulgariss or apples to size up, no car to test-drive. In packaged goods, the merchandise is the primary trade name. However, with services, the company is the primary trade name. The venue of trade name impact differs for services because they lack the tangibleness that allows packaging, labeling, and exposing. It is non possible to box and expose an amusement or transit service in the same manner as Kodak bundles and shows movie. A comprehensive reappraisal of literature on research stuffs, articles and rating studies is done to measure the argument how pupils choose universities. Aesop ‘s fabrication of the difference between the North Wind and the Sun as to which was the strongest provides a good reminder that soft power can fit, every bit good as surpass, difficult power. You may retrieve that it was the Sun ‘s heat that caused the traveller to take his coat instead than the beastly force of the air current ‘s power. There are lessons here for modern-day organisations which might neglect to acknowledge the strength and strategic importance of their corporate trade name and the importance of client, employee and stakeholder ( corporate trade name ) designation. This is particularly the instance in higher instruction ( HE ) where pupil designation with a corporate brand/identity appears to be of considerable importance and, sometimes, high emotional engagement. ( John A ; Mei-Na, 2007 ) When I applied to my university some 30 old ages ago, the inquiry was instead â€Å" academic † : did I desire to travel to a university near to place or one farther off? Assorted factors led me to come to the decision that I would use to a school 1,000 stat mis from the inadvertence of my parents, but in an country where I had extended household. The logic, principle, and analysis that goes into today ‘s college admittance procedure is much more complex with well more information and tools available to â€Å" assist † a pupil do a good choice. ( David, 2007 ) Greater competition among schools exists today to pull the best and brightest pupils. A university is no Longer merely an establishment of higher acquisition but besides a concern. In a competitory market place, consciousness of concern prosodies becomes more critical. ( David, 2007 ) Assorted corporate selling schemes are being employed in the academic universe as universities search for ways to better ranking. ( David, 2007 ) Teachers are professionals who use their cognition and experience to help their pupils as clients and who act in conformity with a set of values so that their behavior towards these clients is both ethical and professional. Their concerns are normally with the quality of educational experience which they provide to pupils and merely seldom and reluctantly with the commercial or selling facets of their work. Yet the latter provide important restraints on resources which necessarily affect results. ( Janet A ; Hugh, 1996 ) Selling is a doctrine of direction through which establishments consider argument and clear up their implicit in rules and intents to run into the demands of their clients. Educational selling requires the designation of pupil and community demands and a committedness to run intoing those demands with a high quality merchandise. ( Janet A ; Hugh, 1996 ) The facet of selling which seems to do most offense in schools is that which relates to selling. It is thought to be unprofessional, if non unethical, for professional callings to seek to pull usage when their inexplicit professional codifications emphasize looking after people selflessly. On the other manus, clients and possible clients may necessitate to cognize the quality of a school ‘s product/process and the competency of its staff if they are to do sound picks about how best to run into their ain demands. School prospectuses and unfastened yearss give parents some footing for informed picks every bit good as being agencies of giving them some history of how good a school is looking after their kids. ( Janet A ; Hugh, 1996 ) Universities can better pupil keeping ( i.e. go oning with the same university after the undergraduate ) by trying to increase their degree of satisfaction ; their attempts will be more effectual if focused on showing the manner that the service provided has helped their clients to accomplish their aims, therefore foregrounding the strategic importance of the societal value. University administration can set about schemes to accomplish greater client trueness and higher ingestion of the service and get more clients. ( Luca A ; Salvatore, 2010 ) Students do non see traditional university promotional tools such as the web site, prospectus and other written stuff as important in their pick and determination devising, since they find the information provided through these channels as unequal, misdirecting or non trustworthy for their determination devising. Therefore, universities should see other ways to advance themselves on the market. University promotional messages need to put accent on issues pupils find most of import to them and non issues universities think are most of import to pupils. This implies that the more favourable the pupils ‘ perceptual experience of the repute the higher the pupil ‘s trueness. In order to increase pupil satisfaction and trueness, directors of the universities should concentrate on facets such as service quality, information and installations. Since service quality is strongly linked to value creative activity ( student satisfaction ) , this ancestor should be the first one consi dered. ( Luca A ; Salvatore, 2010 ) Universities are going more aggressive in their selling activities and demand to be clear about their placement and the image they want to convey to their public. An appropriate selling mix can be developed which non merely takes into history environmental factors, but besides an designation of pupil demands and the ability of the establishment to run into these demands. You read "The importance of branding in service companies" in category "Essay examples" In peculiar, the university pick depends on two different classs of elements: the university related factors and the pupil related 1s. However, the two overlapping countries of instruction reflect on such a categorization. In fact, these two classs are in return interrelated and the weight of each on the value formation depends on the kineticss of the relationship between university and its pupils. ( Luca A ; Salvatore, 2010 ) The strategic end of most organisations is to set up a corporate individuality that will be both feasible in the market place and accepted by society, and to make a consistent corporate image that meets the demands of all groups of stakeholders. Corporate individuality is constructed internally by stakeholders of the organisation. ( Tamilla, Russell A ; William, 2009 ) In order to vie in the market place for the best pupils, qualified module and staff, every bit good as givers, universities should hold a strong corporate trade name. The consonant relationship between corporate individuality and corporate image for the multiple stakeholders at the multiple-campus system can be a ambitious undertaking. The clear definition of the university trade name combined with the strong leading is one of the of import facets to be successful. Higher instruction provides many similar â€Å" merchandises. † Universities with strong historical and cultural bequests have benefits in offering a clear foundation for their corporate stigmatization attempts. The alliance between corporate stigmatization, which consists of the corporate individuality and sensed corporate image and repute, and organisational civilization contribute to awareness among all stakeholders about who the university is and what it stands for. The internal credence of the revised trade nam e at all degrees plays a critical function in advancing the corporate trade name to external stakeholders and doing the establishment sustainable in the long tally. ( Tamilla et al, 2009 ) Educational establishments including schools and universities will be good served through utilizing corporate stigmatization schemes, as opposed to merchandise stigmatization schemes. For intangible merchandises such as instruction, corporate trade names involve and engage all stakeholders, including pupils, parents, the community, the authorities, and employees, amongst others. Through corporate stigmatization, the image of the organisation, as opposed to the properties of a merchandise ( instruction ) is used to distinguish the organisation, and construct the value of an educational establishment. ( Joo-Gim A ; Michael, 2008 ) Ann and Jingsong consider the difference and interrelatedness between the construct of repute and trade name within the context of higher instruction. Owing to the nature of instruction and frequently intangible and latent results, it is hard for pupils to decode repute although it is frequently one of the cardinal indexs for prospective pupils ( and their parents ) to take a university. Percept of equity, leading and quality of an establishment are more of import in act uponing devouring behaviour. ( Ann A ; Jingsong, 2010 ) Ann and Jingsong findings confirmed old research that university repute played a cardinal function in prospective pupils ‘ decision-making procedure and trade name consciousness. In peculiar, trade name trust in the university had a positive consequence on community ‘s sentiment of a prospective college. Furthermore, it may be concluded that the community construed the repute of instruction suppliers without sing their demographic background. ( Ann A ; Jingsong, 2010 ) The survey by Rehnuma, Roger A ; Sharmila asked 25 university selling and communications managers and directors in London and the south E of England to sketch what they believed immature people who were sing come ining university regarded as representing the chief elements of a university trade name. The respondents suggested that possible pupils perceived the being of six major constituents of an establishment ‘s trade name, many of which had analogues within the academic literature in the field, via ‘ambience ‘ , e.g. being friendly, inviting, advanced, earthy or ‘for people like me ‘ , location, grade of diverseness, and factors to make with ocular imagination, and with employability. Peoples in station 1992 universities viewed the grade of the diverseness of an establishment ‘s pupil organic structure to stand for an highly of import portion of its trade name, as this was perceived by prospective recruits. Other critical elements were stated t o affect the scope of the classs offered by a peculiar university, repute, and community links. In Positions on the constituents of a university trade name 27 answer to prompted inquiries, the respondents by and large agreed that an establishment ‘s acquisition environment and athleticss and societal installations besides comprised important constituents of a university trade name. ( Rehnuma, Roger A ; Sharmila, 2008 ) Positive trade name equity is the selling advantage that accrues to a company from the synergism of trade name consciousness and trade name significance. Despite the sensitivity to believe of Branding in the context of touchable merchandises, trade name cultivation is merely every bit critical for services. Strong brands addition clients ‘ trust of unseeable merchandises while assisting them to better understand and visualise what they are purchasing. Strong-brand service companies consciously pursue peculiarity in executing and pass oning the service, usage stigmatization to specify their ground for being, link emotionally with clients, and internalise the trade name for service suppliers so that they will construct it for clients. ( Leonard, 2000 ) Every university considers itself ace. But excessively many schools dilute their select stature by concentrating their brand-development attempts on bad advertisement or other reactionist attacks. Those universities that win in their stigmatization attempts are willing to borrow schemes from the corporate universe and acquire buy-in by prosecuting all interested components in the procedure. A sound solution is based on a long-run scheme: edifice a sustainable trade name. ( Rex, 2009 ) Chapter 3 Industrial Analysis Industrial Analysis TheA instruction industryA consists of schools, colleges, universities and assorted private establishments. The instruction sector can be loosely classified into following classs: Elementary A ; Secondary: This includes the instruction offered from baby’s room to the twelfth class by assorted public, private and spiritual schools. Higher instruction: This includes assorted state-run and private colleges and universities. This besides includes Med Schools, Law Schools and Business Schools. Vocational instruction: This includes industry/job oriented instruction, based on the apprenticeship method of acquisition. The instruction industry is non merely restricted to these classs. It besides includes auxiliary instruction services, such as after-school tutoring, licence schools, particular or alternate instruction, educational content providers and professional development of decision makers and instructors. Literacy is the acquisition of basic accomplishments of reading, composing and numeracy. In other words, Literacy is the meaningful acquisition, development and usage of the written linguistic communication. In Pakistan, the definition of literate is structured at the clip of Population Census. In the 1998 Population Census, a literate individual has been defined as â€Å" One who can read newspaper and compose a simple missive in any linguistic communication † . As per Survey 2007 the estimated literacy Rate has comes to 56 % in 2007. History of the Education Industry Education has been practiced since clip immemorial to transfuse societal and cultural values. In the ancient times, the instruction system was verbal, carried out by and large by the seniors of the household. The authorship system developed around 3500 BC, enabling the recording and sharing of information. In most ancient societies, the province of literacy was black for centuries. The instruction industry was ab initio associated with jurisprudence, trade and commercialism, faith and civil disposal. Formal instruction was available to merely a little fraction of the population. The system developed in most states after 1850 CE. The modern instruction industry consists of preparation by professionals and organized instructions with regard to systematic course of study and teaching method. Demand amp ; Supply Drivers of the Education Industry The demand drivers of the instruction sector include: Household disposable income. Cost of instruction. Opportunity cost of instruction ( instruction versus occupation ) . Cultural factors ( sentiment on instruction of misss ) . Role of authorities to hike instruction. The supply drivers of the industry include: Handiness of labour force ( instructors and decision makers ) . Government support ( to set up low-cost instruction centres ) Changes in societal mentality. Higher Education CommissionA ( HEC ) TheA Higher Education CommissionA ( HEC ) , once the University Grant Commission, is the primary regulator of higher instruction in Pakistan. It besides facilitates the development of higher educational system inA Pakistan. Its chief intent is to upgrade theA Universities of PakistanA to be centres of instruction, research and development. The HEC is besides playing a prima function towards constructing a cognition based economic system in Pakistan by giving out 100s of doctorial scholarships for instruction abroad every twelvemonth. HEC Programs and Undertakings HEC chief plans are following: Faculty development Curriculum alteration Higher instruction substructure development Autochthonal scholarships Foreign scholarships Patent filing support Conference travel grants Increase industry and university research coaction Developing new engineering Parkss HEC Accomplishments The creative activity of HEC has had a positive impact on higher instruction in Pakistan. a ) Established the finest Digital Library in Pakistan: Every pupil in every populace sector university today has entree to 45,000 text editions research monographs from 220 international publishing houses every bit good as to 25,000 international research diaries – regarded as one of the best digital libraries anyplace in the universe. B ) Tripled University registration from 135,000 in the twelvemonth 2003 to 400,000 in 2008. degree Celsius ) Promoted research, ensuing in immense enlargement of international research publications from Pakistan from merely 600 research documents /yr in 2003 to 4300 research documents in 2008. vitamin D ) During the 56 twelvemonth period ( 1947-2003 ) non a individual Pakistani university could be ranked among the top 600 universities in the universe. Today 5 of Pakistani universities are in this class with the National University of Science and Technology standing at a really respectable figure 350. vitamin E ) Four twelvemonth undergraduate plan introduced so that our grades are internationally recognized. degree Fahrenheit ) About 5000 Ph.D. degree scholarships awarded for survey in technologically advanced states ( largest plan in developing universe ) and some 3,000 autochthonal Ph.D. scholarships have been awarded. The universe ‘s largest Fulbright Scholarship plan ( US $ 150 million ) launched with joint support ( HEC/USAID ) . g ) Fifty one new universities and degree awarding institutes and 18 campuses of bing universities established during ( 2003-2008 ) . These phenomenal developments have been described as a â€Å" Silent Revolution † by the World Bank in a comprehensive study, and a figure of columns and articles have appeared in the universe ‘s prima scientific discipline diary, Nature. In the most recent column ( 3rd September 2009 ) Nature has stated that what Pakistan has done under Prof. Atta-ur-Rahman ‘s leading during 2002-2008 is a lesson for other developing states. Region Universities Public Private AJK 4 2 2 Balochistan 8 6 6 Federal Area 16 13 3 Gilgit-Baltistan 1 1 – NWFP 24 15 9 Punjab 40 22 18 Sindh 39 14 25 Entire 132 73 59 Chapter 4 Organizational Overview Bahria University Bahria University is besides known asA † BU † . It is a multi campusA universityA with it headquarters in Islamabad, A Pakistan. BU has two chief campuses, one in Islamabad and the other inA Karachi, Pakistan. It was established by theA Pakistan NavyA in February 2000 by Presidential Ordinance No. V of 2000. Bahria is a co-ed public university recognized by theA Higher Education Commission of PakistanA and theA Pakistan Engineering Council.A It offers assorted two- and four-year plans for undergraduates and alumnuss, backed by a research institute. The chief accent of the university is on technology and direction scientific disciplines, though other subjects are besides offered. Mission Bahria University is a multi-campus establishment of higher instruction, which will stay committed to the attainment of highest criterions in instruction, larning and research. The bookmans and professionals it produces will be encouraged to prosecute truth, civility and unity. Aims In prosecuting this mission, the University has following aims: Establish Campuses, Research Institutes, Schools and Colleges across the length and comprehensiveness of Pakistan to turn the quickly increasing population into cognition based force. Fix the younger coevals to go future leaders and directors for a comfortable and educated Pakistan, through development of their physical, mental, moral and professional strengths. Ensure academic excellence through quality instruction in disciplined and peaceable acquisition environments. To offer pupils the benefits of rational challenge, and to foster accomplishments and qualities they need for their professional callings in front and to enable them to accomplish full potency as persons. Constantly proctor and ascent installations and update the course of study to maintain gait with the emerging tendencies and engineerings. Coordinate and supply installations for exchange of cognition and applied research in the freshly emerging Fieldss in coaction with national and international Universities and Research Institutions. Bahria University in a glance Federally Chartered University. Disciplined, secure and congenial acquisition environment. Custom built campuses equipped with state-of-the-art installations conducive to the accomplishment of academic excellence.A Experienced and qualified module dedicated to excellence in instruction, customized preparation and applied research.A An up-to-date, calling oriented and accomplishments focused course of study aimed at developing proficient expertness, managerial capablenesss for run intoing the challenges of the 21st century.A Ample resources to introduce and react to the challenges of the emerging engineerings in the present twenty-four hours environment.A Institutes that are wonderfully located at easy accessible. Facilities in Bahria University Bahria has many installations some of which are described below: Health A ; Security A well equipped dispensaries are available for exigency demands of both pupils and instructors. Bahria makes certain that pupils are good taken attention of in instance of demand. Ambulance, and security mechanisms are kept watchful to cover with and avoid possible exigencies. A hygienic environment is on the other manus, maintained through an effectual system, which, as a portion of its maps, proctors the general status of cleanliness and criterion of the nutrient supplied at different cafeterias. Library At Bahria University the systems applied in the organisation of libraries make entree to information quick and simple. Supplied with the latest books, periodicals, magazines and diaries, the departmental/seminar libraries at different institutes and colleges provide the pupils with a comprehensive aggregation of books in the peculiar countries of surveies. The Bahria library is a expansive aggregation of 1000s of books, including valuable manuscripts, from all over the universe. The library is amongst the best libraries of Pakistan, provided with a bookman ‘s house for the abode of research bookmans. Computer Labs The luxuriant computing machine installations at the chief and other campuses of the University offer extended use hours and state-of-the-art hardware and assortment of packages to do calculating existent learning experience. The installations comprise networked Personal computers ( Pentium IV ) linked to a broad scope of package, communicating and print services. The unfastened entree policy to the Internet at every campus is a portion of an extended, â€Å" Broadband † information web linking modules and campuses. All campuses have their ain waiter suites with intranet and Internet installations. Audio and Visual Facilities The purpose being to do the teaching-learning procedure effectual and better, the classs at Bahria University are designed to be conducted with the assistance of the latest audio-visual installations, including over-head projectors, picture movies, multimedia, package plans and theoretical accounts etc. which are provided as a necessary portion in the attractively designed schoolrooms and research labs. Organizational Structure The Institute hasA a squad work environment and is lead by the Campus Director.A The other squad members are HOD ( CS and E ) , HOD ( MS ) , HOD ( E A ; ES ) , HOD ( SS ) , Deputy Director Admin, Programs Co-coordinator and Bursar. Departmental Structure Any section is headed by HOD and supported by four coordinators, module members and other proficient staff. Like if we take technology section so in it, the Engineering Coordinator is responsible to look after all technology laboratoriesA and technology course of study. The Course Coordinator is responsible for doing clip table and work outing jobs of the pupils and module members. The category advisers are responsible to advocate pupils for their academic lack and maintain close coordination with the class coordinator and HOD. Final Year Project Coordinator gives support in happening existent universe undertaking from the industry and apportioning supervisors, set uping their demos for defence of pupil ‘s undertakings. Internship coordinator maintains a complete record of pupil ‘s internship and is responsible for arrangement of pupils in the industry and rating of their work. The other squad members are Faculty Members, System and Lab Engineers. Affiliated Unit of measurements Bahria University has following affiliated units: Frontier Medical College, Abbottabad Shifa College of Medicine, Islamabad Shifa College of Nursing, Islamabad Islamabad Medical A ; Dental College, Islamabad Institute of Education TrainingA , Rawalpindi Degrees offered Following plans are being offered in different campuses: Bachelor plans Bachelor of Business Administration Bachelor of Software Engineering Bachelor of Computer Engineering Bachelor of Media Studies Bachelor of Engineering in Electronics Bachelor of Engineering in Telecom Bachelor of Electronics and Telecom Management Bachelor ( Hons ) in Geology Bachelor ( Hons ) in Geophysicss Bachelor of Social Sciences Bachelor ( Hons ) in War Studies Bachelor ( Hons ) Naval Sciences Bachelor of Medicine, Bachelor of Surgery ( MBBS ) Bachelor of Dental Surgery Bachelor of Electronics and Telecom Management ( ETM ) Bachelor of Social Sciences Maestro plans Maestro of Business Administration Maestro of Science in Computer Engineering Maestro of Science in Telecom A ; Networking Maestro of Science in Software Engineering Maestro of Science Geology Maestro of Science Professional Psychology PMD plans PMD Educational Psychology PMD Clinical Psychology PMD Organizational Psychology M.Phil. plans M.Phil. Clinical Psychology M.Phil. Educational Psychology M.Phil. Organizational Psychology Ph.D. plans Ph.D. Clinical Psychology Ph.D. Educational Psychology Ph.D. Organizational Psychology Accomplishments and awards Bahria University is the first Pakistani university to fall in more than 300 universities across theA Asia-PacificA part that has deployed mobile calculating and wireless engineerings. Bahria University is the first Pakistani university to associate its degree plan with community service. Bahria University has taken an enterprise to fit 4500 pupils with branded laptops with wireless engineering. In this respect, the university has signed MOUs withA Intel, A Acer Inc. , and theA Bank of Punjab. Laptops are provided to pupils at discounted monetary values with installment programs. Bahria University will be the first university in Pakistan to set up a campus atA Gawadar. The Prime Minister of Pakistan has approved the constitution of the Institute of Marine Sciences at Gawadar while the Pakistan Navy will supply land for the same. How to cite The importance of branding in service companies, Essay examples

Workplace Safety ABC Company

Question: Discuss about theWorkplace Safetyfor ABC Company. Answer: Introduction This project sets out to design safety work precautions that should be adopted by ABC Computers in a bid to reduce risks and preserve the safety of all and sundry within the organization for a smooth and efficient production. Safety is one of the key considerations that are enshrined in the ethical and legal requirements of the ABC constitution and as such, must be adequately complied with. ABC Company is an organization that deals in the sale of computer hardware as well as offering repair services. It is important to ensure safety in the work place. According to the Occupational Health and Safety regulation, all businesses are supposed to have a safety program that will guarantee employees a safe environment (Ridley Channing, 2009). The safety program should elaborately outline processes of managing the prevention of work-related injuries and diseases at the work places. It is the responsibility of the employer to ensure safety is guaranteed to the employees. In order to ensure safety at the workplace, there are factors that must be considered before a safety program is formulated and implemented. These factors include the size of the business and the risks associated with the business. The various steps that should be taken to ensure a safe workplace have been discussed as follows. To begin with, a comprehensive control plan of workplace hazards must be formulated and earlier preparation be done (Ridley Channing, 2009)). For ABC Computers to come up with an effective plan, the employer must identify the possible hazards that are likely to take place in the workplace given that the company has seen remarkable expansion and owing to its strategic directions. In other words, the aspect of preparedness must be on course always. The possible solutions to the identified hazards are developed and shared out to all employees. For instance, the risk of fire should call for measures such as availing of fire extinguishers that will be strategically positioned (Herbertson, 2009). As a matter of fact, being that he company has many employees, congestion is evident and anything can happen as a result of this. As well, a risk of minor injury will require an access to a fully functional first aid kit. In addition, other control measures such as providing every employee with p rotective gear will be instrumental (Burns, 2002). Additionally, regular workplace inspection and checking the functionality of all installed equipment will be important (Herbertson, 2009). Equipment such as fire extinguishers, first aid kits and other machines must be ensured they are functional always to avoid leaving anything to chance. This is also captured in the company legislation but should be given credence so as to avert any possible laxity that can be to the detriment of the entire working crew as a result of negligence. As well, the storage areas of these machines and equipment must be ensured that it is the right place. What is more, the inspection should also look at the safe work procedures and ensure they are reviewed regularly. It will be important to check whether the employees follow the standard working procedure accordingly. Through this inspection, the safety program can be assessed and appropriate steps be taken. Furthermore, it is necessary to comply with the governmental regulations as provided for within the Australian government legislation (Herbertson, 2009). There are regulations that have been set to ensure the workplace is safe for the employees. It will be important that these regulations are followed to the letter, a fact that ABC Company will have to embrace with all arms. Some of these regulations touch on administrative controls such as maximum number of working hours, training programs, rotation of workers among others. With these regulations, unnecessary unsafe incidences at workplaces can be reduced and or eliminated. Training of employees will be necessary especially if there is any risk or potential injury associated with the job done (In Simons, In Leroy, In Savage, 2013). The training encompasses giving insights of the possible risks, how to handle any case associated with risk and measures to be undertaken to prevent such cases. It will be important to provide them with written instructions and standard working procedure for future reference. As well, there will be need to supervise employees to ensure they are using the trained skills properly and effectively. Failure to provide training for the employees will not only lead to unsafe situations but also will make the employer reliable in case of an accident. Besides, activities such as conducting a mock safety drill will be required as a way of evaluating the preparedness within the workplace. It is imperative to organize for a continuous safety education for the employees (In Simons, In Leroy, In Savage, 2013). There need to be a regular sharing with the employees on their experiences pertaining to their working stations. The safety should be a topic of discussion in most of the meeting held as a way of elevating the different perceptions different employees may have towards safety. In fact, through these forums, employees can suggest ideas that can be incorporated to the existing safety programs to make them better. In case of a safety related incident, it will essential that the incident be thoroughly investigated to establish the cause of the incident (J.J. Keller Associates, 2004). Even if it may not have been serious, the incident must be looked into to establish its root cause. From these investigations, it can be realized that the existing safety plans require some modifications in order to be effective. From the findings, strict preventive measures should be formulated and implemented to avoid any future occurrence of similar incidences. Moreover, keeping records of all safety undertakings will assist in ensuring a safe workplace (J.J. Keller Associates, 2004). The records such as first aid treatment, incident investigation, training activities, inspections done and safety equipment installation documents must be kept safely. These records can be used to assess the safety trends of the business. As well, the information from these records can be used to identify any unsafe conditions or work procedure. More importantly, in case of an incident, the employer can be on the safer side of the law while armed with these records. Workplace safety must be the most key part of the business (Liu Hammitt, 2000). The success of a business does not only include inventory control, financial planning and customer service alone. The business success also entails the safety measures put in place and generally how the workplace is safe to the employees. The striving of a business and its commitment to the safety of everyone involved brings a holistic sense. This is because this commitment protects the greatest resource to the business - the people. Therefore, safety at the work place should be prioritized accordingly. References Burns,T. (2002). Serious incident prevention: How to achieve and sustain accident-free operations in your plant or company. Amsterdam: Gulf Professional Pub. Herbertson,W. (2009). The practical safety guide to zero harm: How to effectively manage safety in the workplace. Salamander Bay, N.S.W: Value Organisation Pty Ltd. In Simons,T., In Leroy,H., In Savage,G.T. (2013). Leading in Health Care Organizations: Improving Safety, Satisfaction, and Financial Performance. J.J. Keller Associates. (2004). Safety Committees: Workplace Safety in Action Handbook. Neenah: Author. Liu,J., Hammitt,J.K. (2000). Perceived risk and value of workplace safety in a developing country. Taipei: Institute of Economics, Academia Sinica. Ridley,J.R., Channing,J. (2009). Workplace safety. Oxford [England: Butterworth-Heinemann.

The Concept of Strategic Planning and Its Relevance

Abstract The purpose of this essay is to analyse the concept of strategic planning and its relevance to the activities of an organization. Strategic planning has been viewed as an important cornerstone in the decision making activities of an organization. It enables an organization to achieve its goals and objectives through the development of plans. These plans can either be long term, medium or short term depending on the type of business and the context that strategic planning will be used in.Advertising We will write a custom essay sample on The Concept of Strategic Planning and Its Relevance specifically for you for only $16.05 $11/page Learn More Introduction Strategic practitioners recognised the importance of strategies in the processes and operations of an organization which saw a lot of emphasis being placed on strategy which later saw the development of strategic planning as an organizational concept. Strategic planning slowly replaced corpora te planning which mostly involved developing formal plans that lacked any strategic focus. This change was largely due to the emphasis placed on the planning activities of an organization. The relationships that were meant to result from this change sometimes could not be achieved. Researchers found that only few organizations were able to succeed in achieving their goals and objectives through the use of strategies. Practitioners of strategic planning have founded their research efforts on the assumption that the creative task of formulating and implementing strategies can be designed into a series of actions referred to as planning that will lead to results that can be repeated in the future. Definition of Strategic Planning Strategic planning is a technique that is used to organize the present activities of an organization to reflect the desired future projections of what the organization wants to achieve over a certain period of time. A strategic plan is a map or guide that will be used to lead the organization from where it is now to where it would like to be. Strategic planning mostly focuses on the external environment of an organization. Since every organization has different activities and operations that set it apart from other companies, the strategic plans of every organization will therefore be different from that of the other organization; therefore Strategic planning systems will be designed to deal with the unique characteristics of organizations (Samson and Daft 2009). Strategic planning is derived from strategy which is the layout of a plan or set of actions that will be used by the organization to achieve their objectives. Strategic planning is the systematic and formalised effort made by an organization to develop detailed plans that would be used to implement the objectives, goals, strategies, and policies of an organization (Wittman and Reuter, 2008). Planning deals with looking at the future results of current decisions that are made by decision makers. This means that strategic planning provides managers and people in positions of decision making with the cause and effect of consequences that would occur over time if that particular decision was made. If the decision maker does not like the results of the decision, he can easily change it to one that would yield positive results. Strategic planning looks at the alternative courses of action that are available in the future and what options are chosen from these alternatives, they are used as a basis for making present day decisionsAdvertising Looking for essay on business economics? Let's see if we can help you! Get your first paper with 15% OFF Learn More Grunic and Kuhn (2008) viewed strategic planning as a process that began with the identification of objectives and goals which later led to the development of organizational strategies, plans and policies that would be used to achieve these goals. Strategic planning was seen to be a process of mak ing decisions in advance that would determine what kind of planning activities would be undertaken and how these activities would be done. The process was also systematic as the various activities were organized in a sequence. Strategic planning process was geared towards companies that had their operations and activities in one particular industry within the market. The basic format of a strategic planning process that is used by most organizations is to first develop the company’s mission, objectives and goals as a first step. Once this is done the organization’s internal and external environment is assessed to determine the strengths and weaknesses as well as the opportunities and threats. The next step will involve selecting strategies that will be used to deal with the identified strengths and weaknesses as well as the opportunities and threats. The organization should ensure that the identified strategies are in line with its mission ad goals. After the appropria te strategies are identified and developed, they are finally implemented. Hills and Jones (2009) note that organizations go through a new process of strategic planning every year as a result of changing business environments and the global economy. This however does not mean that new strategies have to be identified and implemented every year. What usually happens in most organizations is that the strategies are modified or reaffirmed since the strategic plan is usually designed for a period of more than five years. Strategic Planning for Small businesses and Improved Performance Given all the evidence on the benefits of strategic planning, most small businesses still do not practice planning. Most of the concepts and research on strategic planning have been geared towards helping larger organizations. Managers of small businesses mostly focus on the short term rather than on the long term strategies. Their decision making technique is characterised to be reactive instead of proacti ve and deliberate. For those managers who do practice strategic planning, the process is mostly characterised by ad hoc instead of formal activities (Wang et al. 2006).Advertising We will write a custom essay sample on The Concept of Strategic Planning and Its Relevance specifically for you for only $16.05 $11/page Learn More According to May (2010), small business owners today are realising more than ever that they need strategic planning to make decisions. This has emerged out of their uneasiness about what the future holds for their businesses or the fact that they have attained the present level of small business success without any strategic planning and they don’t feel like proceeding with ventures that they are unsure will yield any profits. Such uncertainties lead them to secure stable and predictable styles of management that mostly involve strategic planning. The main difference of strategic planning for both the large and small busines ses is that the larger organization can financially afford to conduct extensive strategic planning activities which at times might be very expensive while the small business has a limited amount of financial resources. The strategic activities of the smaller organization might be limited or constrained due to finances; the smaller business will also mostly rely on its internal resources do the planning (May, 2010). Wang et al (2006) conducted investigations on why some small businesses failed in their activities and operations. They noted that the major reason was attributed to the lack of strategic planning and poor business motivation. Previous studies by scholars such as Mintzberg, Crawford and Lefebvre also suggested that formal strategic planning systems in small organizations were absent. The authors noted that small business strategic planning was mostly characterized by informal planning systems that were unstructured and sporadic. Other characteristics were that the process was viewed to be incomprehensive, incremental and reactive. Wang et al (2006) note that the motivation for a small business owner to be in business was mostly interwoven with their personal lives. Most small businesses are family owned which shows that the personal motivation in starting the business lies in trying to provide a better life for the business owners and their families. Some of these owner usually lack a business background or the technical known how of running the business. This means that they lack basic strategic planning information. Such a situation enables the businesses owners and entrepreneurs to get away with developing short term strategic plans for their businesses .Because of the size of the firm and constant uncertainty in the global business environment, small business have a limited ability to control events. That is why their focus is on short term and medium planning instead of long term. The strategic model should be designed in a simple and inexpensi ve way Pitfalls of Strategic Planning The main problems experienced by small businesses when trying to initiate the planning process have been identified as the lack of time and lack of proper strategic planning knowledge. But when managers discover ways to overcome these constraints, strategic planning can lead to the improved performance of the business.Advertising Looking for essay on business economics? Let's see if we can help you! Get your first paper with 15% OFF Learn More Small business managers need to gain an understanding of the advantages and disadvantages of small businesses which will set a strong foundation for strategic planning activities. The size and simple structure of small firms allows them to increase their responsiveness to external changes. In discussing the failure of the concept, various studies have been referred to further explain why strategic planning sometimes fails in organizations. One pitfall is that no one study has been found that has assessed the outcomes of deviating from the long range plans. All studies that have been conducted on the subject do not show whether there has been any negative consequences of not following the long range strategic plan. Another pitfall came from an earlier study that highlighted that while particular companies engaged in systematically planned activities, other organizations that did not engage in strategic planning were able to surpass these companies performance wise; this showed that t he best planners did not always perform the best (Dimitrou and Thompson, 2007). Studies done in the 1970s by scholars such as Malik and Karger found favourable results when strategic planning was used while other studies such as those done by Sheehan, Grinyer and Norburn did not see any benefits of practicing strategic planning. Henry Mintzberg after a review of these studies came up with a conclusion that planning was not the only best way. He noted that in some circumstances it did not pay and that when planning was at its best, it might have had some suitability to particular and not all organizational contexts. Another pitfall of strategic planning is that most companies find the solutions derived from the formal process of strategic planning to not be what they had actually expected. They usually had a basic idea of the kind of results to expect once the process was done. Strategic planning makes a majority of the firms today to engage in less risky forms of long range planning in their decision making activities which often at times do not yield the best results. Major criticisms have been drawn to the fact that strategic planning does not in any way contribute to the strategic thinking of major decision makers in organizations. Many of the benefits that accrue from strategic planning cannot be measured and it is difficult to prove the planning process in absolute terms. This is due to the fact when the planning process is initiated; it becomes hard to compare what has happened with what could have happened. This leads to a lot of speculations and formation of assumptions that are in most cases usually wrong. There is also another pitfall in the form of identifying the amount of costs that have been used in the planning process (Hill and Jones, 2009). These costs can only be seen if additional profit made by the organization exceeds the additional costs used in planning. Logical expectations of most organizations are that strategic planning will lead the company to be successful in the future; this is a big misconception. Most managers view strategic plans to be the key that will lead the organization to market success which explains why they become devastated when the strategic plans fail (Hill and Jones, 2009). Conclusion Planning activities are important to an organization to ensure that everything moves in a systematic and orderly manner. Without planning the members of an organization would lack a guide or plan that would direct them to achieve the organizational mission, vision, goals and objectives. Planning is therefore to be the most important activity that an organization should undertake to ensure that it runs smoothly and effectively. Strategic planning should also be given the same level of importance as general organizational planning. While strategic planning for organizations has been going on for a very long time, the smaller businesses are yet to catch on, yet planning is very important for an organization to achi eve optimum success through the proper utilization of resources. Strategic planning might have some pitfalls but when used in the proper way and in the right organizational context, it can improve the performance of both large and small businesses. Managers should therefore exercise this concept to ensure the decisions they make now will reflect what the organization wants to achieve in the future. References Dimitrou, H.T., and Thompson, R. (2007) Strategic planning for regional development in  the UK. Oxford, UK: Routledge Grunic, R. and Kuhn, R. (2008) Process based strategic planning. 5th Edition. Berlin: Springer- Verlag Hill, C., and Jones, G. (2009) Strategic management theory: an integrated approach.  Ohio, US: South Western Cengage Learning May, M.G. (2010) Strategic planning. New York: Business Expert Press Samson, D., and Daft, R.L. (2009) Management Third Asia Pacific Edition. Australia: Cengage Learning Wang, C., Walker, E.A., and Redmond, J. (2006) Ownership motiva tion and strategic planning in small businesses. Journal of Asia Entrepreneurship and  Sustainability. Vol II, No.4 Wittman, R. and Reuter, M.P. (2008) Strategic planning: how to deliver maximum value  through effective business. London: Kogan Page This essay on The Concept of Strategic Planning and Its Relevance was written and submitted by user Natal1a to help you with your own studies. You are free to use it for research and reference purposes in order to write your own paper; however, you must cite it accordingly. You can donate your paper here.

Caribbean essays

Caribbean essays When you think about all the countries in the world, it is quite difficult to decide on one particular favorite. There are just so many great nations, great people, and great cultures. But one country that has really captured my attention has to be the great island of Martinique in the Caribbean. A beautiful place to be sitting under the shade drinking a cold glass of lemonade. Martinique is roughly six times the size of our Washington D.C. This island was colonized by France in 1635 and basically remained under French rule until today. The capital and their largest city is Fort-de-France. When France inhabited Martinique, its sole purpose was to put slaves to work on its sugar plantations. Still today, sugar cane and agriculture are the integral part of this countrys economy. Thats why African and African mixtures make up 95% of Martiniques population. While whites only makes 5% of the population. And I will guarantee you that it is the minority that is ruling the majority. Everything is runned by the French Government, I personally dont like the idea of being ruled by a country that is thousands of mile away. Their president is Jacques Chirac and Martinique has only two chairs in the French Senate. The island basically has no power in senate. No matter what time you might visit Martinique, it has beautiful weather all year round. It has that tropical climate that is governed by the trade winds. The average temperature on the island is about 84 degrees. The only things that you have to worry about other than the humidity are hurricanes, which comes on an average of eight years. Martinique is subject to a lot of flooding during its rainy season from June to about October. The last hazard has to be dormant volcano, Mount Pelee. Mount Pelee is also their highest point at 1,397m. Martinique is relative a safe place, only averaging about one natural disaste ...

Safety Operations Plan Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 2000 words

Safety Operations Plan - Essay Example Our mission statement is "Your Safety is our First Priority. Certain principles form the core expectations of the Georgetown ATV company. The employees are expected to adhere to these principles to uphold quality standards provided by the company. These principles include: The overall aspiration for the company is to ensure safety for the customers while on the track and to get value for their money. Safety for all customers will encompass orientation on the track, checking gear and re-training our staff to maintain the international standards set for this sport. This will ensure that the customer is learning and having fun at the same time. The young will be trained on how to command a vehicle at an early age. The company’s target audience is young people between the 15 to 30 years of age. The company is hoping to nurture young talent in the sport. Our hope is that some of the riders could turn professional as we have qualified, experienced trainers and a state of the art equipment to realize this. However, it is paramount that safety is ensured at this stage. Therefore, our objectives will center on ensuring that the riders respect the rules and regulations set by the Georgetown AVG company. The core objectives will be: The company foresees the customer market for the ATV or off-road industry growing significantly in the coming years. Previously, this sport was for experts, but ordinary people are warming up to it because of the thrill and great discipline it nurtures .Many are new to the sport and therefore the Georgetown ATV company hopes to embrace the aspiring talent and lead them to greater heights as far as racing is concerned. Having trained these young generations of riders, the company hopes to sign them on in deals that will provide opportunities to compete with others in this sport. Therefore, in order for the company to gauge its success we will have in house tournaments and meets with other companies. The races should record no to

Quality and environmental management systems 333 Essay

Quality and environmental management systems 333 - Essay Example This paper explores possible ways in which Timmerhus UK Ltd. could integrate its QMS and EMS into a single complete management system. It also looks at possible environmental aspects of the company, suitable objectives, targets and relevant environmental programmes as well as auditing arrangements that will be necessary for the integrated management system. How Timmerhus UK Ltd Could Integrate Its QMS and EMS into One Complete Management System There are numerous models and strategies that Timmerhus UK Ltd could use to integrate its QMS and EMS into a single comprehensive management system. vonAhsen and Funck (2001) suggest three fundamental models and strategies that organisations can utilise in the implementation and assessment of their management systems. These models include Integration model founded on ISO 9001 Integration model founded on ISO 14001 The European Foundation for Quality Management (EFQM) model. There are different approaches or strategies that corporations could t ake towards integrating management systems that already have. The following approaches are available for organisations aiming to integrate their management system: A company can first establish a quality management system then add to it environmental management system, which is consistent with vonAhsen and Funck’s ISO 9001-based model. Starting with the implementation of environmental management system followed by quality management system, which ascribes to vonAhsen and Funck’s model based on ISO 14001. Simultaneously establishment of environmental management system (EMS) and Quality management system (QMS) ISO 14001-based Integration Model Based on ISO 14001, environmental management systems focus absolutely on environmental aspects of an organisation. According to this model, environmental management system is first implemented and then quality system is added on to it. The approach demands that all processes be documented in terms of environmental aspects and quali ty. ISO 9001- Based Integration Model Unlike ISO 14001-based integration model, ISO 9001-based integration model requires an organisation to develop integrated management system on the basis of ISO 9001 followed by incorporation of environmental factors and any other relevant elements to the organisation (BS EN ISO 9001:2008 2008). The European Foundation for Quality Management (EFQM) Model This model was established in 1992 as an organisational assessment framework for companies seeking European Quality Award. Timmerhus UK Ltd can make use of the EFQM excellence model to integrate its QMS and EMS. An organisation ca optimise from this model by developing comprehensive understanding of its major concepts, which may change with organisational improvement and development. Some of the main concepts of EFQM include: Attainment of results, which are satisfactory to all stakeholders of the company Creation of sustainable customer value Good leadership and purpose consistency Management vi a a series of autonomous, but interdependent management systems Focus on development of employees through engagement to optimise the contribution of employees Creation of a continuous learning organisation environment Establishing and sustaining value-added alliances Enforcing corporate social responsibility by surpassing the minimum regulatory requirements and expectations of stakeholders The EFQM model

Marketing Audit and set Marketing Objectives for Holiday Inn Essay

Marketing Audit and set Marketing Objectives for Holiday Inn - Essay Example The report will highlight how Holiday Inn can utilise its strengths to exploit opportunities such as high growth in business and leisure travel, emerging Asian markets and advancements in technology in attaining its mission. The company should increase its market presence in Asia, increase the bed occupancy levels and offer additional physical evidence in its services. The hotel faces significant threats due to stringent visa and travel regulations due to diseases such as Ebola, possible terror attacks and high competition in the domestic market. Holiday Inn Inc is a global brand of hotels that forms part of InterContinental Group of Hotels and hosts more than 100 million guests annually (Russell & Cohn 2012). The hotel brand is recognised for its superior quality service, comfort and customer value since it offers differentiated services in its more than 1,200 hotels and 219,000 hotel rooms across world (InterContinental Hotels Group 2012 annual report, 2014). The Holiday Inn chain of hotels and resorts comprises of Holiday Inn, Holiday Inn Club Vacations, Holiday Inn Resort and Holiday Inn Express has grown to become the largest midscale hotel by the number of rooms (Lee 2007). The hotel chain offers high-rise and full size plat hotels and the low-rise and full-service hotels that offer additional customer services such as room service, exercise facilities, comfortable rooms and restaurants (Onkvisit and Shaw 2004). Most of the hotels are conveniently located in the major cities, airports, and roadways in order to cater fo r the business travel needs (Russell & Cohn 2012). The global hospitality industry has remained resilient despite the recent challenging economic conditions occasioned by the Eurozone crisis and financial crisis in USA and UK markets (Yu 2012). In 2012, the industry revenues per available room (RevPAR) increased by 4.5 percent in 2012 (InterContinental Hotels Group 2012 annual report, 2014). The

Review of the Market Entry Modes

Review of the Market Entry Modes INTRODUCTION When we look at the development of world business, it can be easily noticed that recent years have witnessed a growing intensity of competition in virtually all areas of business, whether in domestic or international areas. In today`s changing and developing world, it has been getting more and more important and at the same time becoming difficult day by day to expand your business` borders. For this reason, it has also been getting more and more important to make the decision of going internationally and choosing an appropriate entry mode. The perception of this importance can be related to the answer of this question; â€Å"how come international business is important especially for domestic companies?† International business is that kind of trade that gives increase to the economy of the world. In this the demand and supply and the prices are influenced by the global issues. For instance, the change in political conditions in Asia can raise manufacturing cost and cost of labour of an American company which is in a country in Asia. This would then result in rise in the price of the product that you need to purchase from a local mall. If there is a decrease in cost of labour, on the other hand then you can have to pay relatively less price on the product. (Hussey, 2008) It is also another advantage of going internationally that it gives an opportunity to developed countries to use their resources effectively like technology, capital and labour. Since a large number of the countries already have natural resources and different inputs such as labor, technology, land and capital, they are likely to produce many products more efficiently and sell them for cheaper prices than other countries. A country can obtain an item from another country if it cannot effectively produce it within the national boundaries. This is the specialty of international trade. In same way a country can obtain an item from another country, for the reason of that product can be produced in its own country but with worse conditions such as lower quality or higher cost. Global trading also allows the different countries to participate in global economy encouraging the foreign direct investors. These individuals invest their money in the foreign companies and other assets. Hence the countries can become competitive global participants. Entering a Foreign Market Before entering international marketing, if we reflect on our perception what marketing means itself, we will face a few important definitions. According to Chartered Institute of Marketing, marketing is a â€Å"Management process which is responsible for identifying, predicting and providing customer requirements profitably†. (Lowe and Doole, 2001) Marketing involves; providing customer needs and wants, finding out best ways and methods to provide these needs and wants, orienting the firm towards the process of focusing on that satisfaction, meeting organizational objectives. In this way, it becomes important for the company or organization to prepare itself to achieve competitive advantage in the market. The company then needs to work on taking this advantage in the market. The company then needs to work on taking advantage by manipulating controllable functions of marketing, within the uncontrollable marketing environment which is directly affected by SLEPT factors, i.e. Political, Economic, Socio-Cultural, Technological and Legal. (Lowe and Doole, 2001) When domestic and international marketing are compared, it is argued that†what differences there are between these two markets â€Å". Actually, the key elements are still same. The concept is not likely to change to any market degree when a company moves from a domestic market to an international market. However, two main differences can be defined. First, of them, there are different approaching levels depending on international scope, and second, the company will be likely to face complexities and difficulties as the result of international marketing environment factors as it mentioned above. (Lowe and Doole, 2001) General Review of the Market Entry Modes For the majority of companies, the most important international marketing decision that they are most likely to take is how they should enter new markets, as these decisions which they make will directly affect every part of their business for many years in the future. There are advantages and disadvantages with each market entry method and critical in the decision-making process are the firms assessment of the cost and risk associated with each method and the level of involvement the company is allowed by the government, or want to have in the market. These factors determine the degree of control it can exert over the total product and service offer and method of distribution. (Chee and Harris, 1993) There is, however, no ideal market entry strategy and different market entry methods might be adopted by different companies entering the same market and/or by the same company in different markets. The Alternative Market Entry Modes The variety of alternative market entry methods are shown in figure below, depending on international involvement from virtually zero, when the company only makes its products for others to export but effectively does nothing itself to market its products internationally, to total involvement, where the firm might operate wholly-owned subsidiaries in all its key markets. (Chee and Harris, 1993) The market entry decision is taken within the company and it is determined related to the companys objectives and attitudes to international marketing and the confidence of its management teams to operate in foreign markets. In order to select most appropriate and effective market entry strategy, it is essential to take into account some point including; the company objectives and expectations relating to the size and value of predicted business, the size and financial resources of the company its existing foreign market involvement the skill, abilities and attitudes of the firms management for international business the intensity of the competition in target market, the affect of existing and expecting tariff and non-tariff barriers the nature of product considered for international entering the areas of competitive advantage, such as trademark or patent protection the timing of entry in relation to the market and intensity of competitive situation However, this list of entry modes is likely to be meaningful when the other factors which affect the entry mode and are very specific to the companys particular situation. For instance, the regulations of laws of the host country might be a barrier for a company to own 100 percent of an operation in that country. All companies should identify, analyse and monitor these external factors and consider their potential affect on their products/services. Although these external factors take place outside of the firms management teams control, they all must be taken into account as much as internal factors. (Chee and Harris, 1993) According to Terpstra and Sarathy (1994), alternative methods of foreign market entry can be summarized basically as shown below; Production in HomeMarket Foreign Production Sources -Contract Manifacture -Licencing -Assembly -Joint Venture -100 Percent Ownership and / or Indirect Exporting -Trading Company -Export Management Company -Piggyback, etc. Direct Exporting -Foreign Distributor -Agent -Overseas Marketing Subsidiary STARBUCKS IN CHINA In 1999, when Starbucks invested into China, the company entered the joint-venture agreement with three big local partners: Beijing Meida Coffee, Shanghai Uni-President Starbucks Coffee Ltd and Maxims Caterer (Asia Pulse, 2006). On the one hand, the company was able to meet requirements from the Chinese governments regulations and lower the risk and level of investment when entering a new market. In return, Starbucks sacrificed its control over development of those individual companies while only earning loyalty fees (ibid). As a result of joining the World Trade Organization (WTO) in 2001, Chinese government has loosened regulations on foreign investment, especially the removal of restrictions on foreign investment. Since then, share of local partners is no longer required for foreign companies (ibid). Consequently, Starbucks has paid out more than USD 21, 3 million to gain its share to 50 percent in Shanghai Uni-President Starbucks Coffee. Similarly, the company increased its stake s in Maxims Caterer to 51 percent and control over 50 percent of stock in Beijing Meida Coffee (Harris, 2007). Such forward integration gives Starbucks more control over its expansion which will be more aggressive in the near future (ibid). Besides, Starbucks is also concerned with coffee sources and prices. Currently, for the Chinese market, Starbucks imports coffee beans from its suppliers all around the world (Reuters, 2007a). Since these suppliers have been controlled tightly by the companys specialists, Starbucks can assure the quality of its products in China. However, Starbucks needs to pay import duty. Depending on the type of coffee, this duty may vary from 10 to 30 percent (Friedlnet, 2003). To make the problem worse, coffee prices have jumped from 89.36 US cents per pound in 2005 to 113.20 US cents per pound in 2007 and is expected to grow higher in 2008 (Reuters, 2007a). This may consequently influence the price of Starbucks product and influence Starbucks performance. I n America, as a result of the increase in price of dairy product, Starbucks raised the price of its coffee drinks by 9 cents and 50 cents for its whole bean coffee in 2007 (Reuters, 2007b). This is the second time Starbucks raises its prices. The first time this happened was in 2006 when Starbucks raised 5 cents for all of its drinks (USA Today, 2006). To prevent such potential price change in the future, Starbucks has been working with coffee farmers in many parts of China and trying to help them meet the company standards. Jinlong Wang, president of Starbucks greater China, expressed that â€Å"China does produce some quality coffee and sourcing from China would start very soon, maybe in a couple of year† (Reuters, 2007a). Starbucks also plan to build a roasting plant in China. This backward integration when applied successfully in the future, will give Starbucks a huge competitive advantage. After initial success with more than 540 stores across China, Starbucks is striving hard to expand its operation and turn China into the biggest overseas market in near future. However, the Chinese market has many differences to other market that Starbucks has entered. Average coffee consumption in China is projected to increase by 20 to 25 percent each year. Therefore, much more opportunity is waiting for Starbucks in the near future. Despite its success, Starbucks should continuously monitor changes from the external environment and prevent unfortunate incidents such as in 2000 when Starbucks was kicked out of the Forbidden City, a symbol of Chinese Culture (CNN, 2000). Failing to monitor and respond properly, China can be a graveyard for Starbucks ambitions. IMPORTANCE OF CHOOSING AN EFFECTIVE INTERNATIONAL MARKETING STRATEGY In today`s competitive international world, one of the most significant tasks for many companies which are preparing itself to enter a foreign market is to make the right decision about how the company should enter a foreign market. One reason for this is that this decision is likely to influence every part of its business for a long perid of time in the future. However, there are advantages and disadvantages of every single foreign market entry modes. For the aim of selecting the most appropriate and effective foreign market entry strategy, it is essential to take into account some point including; (Chee and Harris, 1993); the company objectives and expectations relating to the size and value of predicted business, the size and financial resources of the company its existing foreign market involvement the skill, abilities and attitudes of the firms management for international business the intensity of the competition in target market, the affect of existing and expecting tariff and non-tariff barriers the nature of product considered for international entering the areas of competitive advantage, such as trademark or patent protection the timing of entry in relation to t he market and intensity of competitive situation Recommended Strategies In fast-changing Chinese cities, finding locations that will embody the right lifestyle is more like gambling than science. Real-estate know-how is a hallmark of Starbucks worldwide, but the computerized mapping databases that are used to test a potential street corner in the United States would be little help in Chinese cities. Starbucks must continue to use joint ventures or license other companies to own and operate Starbucks stores as this philosophy differs from its domestic approach, where the stores are largely company-owned. The idea is that an experienced local partner can help identify locations, sift through tax issues and give Starbucks stores a more local community appeal. Once the market is established Starbucks will be given an opportunity to purchase a controlling interest in the partnership, which will then allow them more control and management of the overall operation and direction of the business. As Starbucks adds a whopping six stores a day on average, the company must continue to carefully consider everything from the direction of commuter traffic zipping by a potential drive-thru site to how many people are pounding the pavement on a busy urban block. As of Oct. 3, Starbucks had 12,440 stores worldwide, including 7,102 company-operated stores and 5,338 licensed locations. Starbucks must continue to open new locations as their market continues to grow. At some stage there are limits to their expansion, but to date the company has not seen any signs that they are near that optimal point or number. A major concern would include anything from a drop in quality to the brand losing its luster. Despite potential saturation and plans to add many more stores in China. Starbucks insists that it sees very little cannibalization of its existing business when a new store opens. In fact, the company says, one reason would-be customers dont end up buying a Starbucks drink is because the line or wait is too long. One solution is to open up another store nearby. Besides adding stores, drive-thru and kiosks throughout the world, Starbucks also has plans to make itself ubiquitous even in places where it cant squeeze in a store. It is getting ready to launch Starbucks-branded vending machines, which will let people buy warm lattes and other drinks in a nine-ounce can for $2.50. And thats in addition to the business it already does selling bottled cold Starbucks drinks and coffee beans in more traditional food stores. In closing if you see a mall in the United States today itll probably be there two years form now but, a year passes by in a Chinese location, and you almost wont know your way around there any more. Ive witnessed this first hand when I travel to China on business. This is just how fast the Chinese economy and market is growing and Starbucks is looking to convert 1.3 billion tea drinkers to coffee lovers. The key attribute to attain this surmountable goal is to continue the expansion plan in China and other countries in Asia. References Pulse A., (2006), â€Å"Starbucks Soars in China†, accessed on 15th February 2010, available from: www.atimes.com/atimes/China_Business/HF15Cb06.html Harris C., (2007), â€Å"Starbucks Exec Talks of High Hopes for Growth in Asia†, accessed on 18th February 2010, available from: http://seattlepi.nwsource.com/business/330121_starbuckschina04.html Reuters, (2007a), â€Å"Reuters Summit Starbucks to source coffee from China†, accessed on 21st February 2010, available from: www.today.reuters.com/news/articlehybrid.aspx?type=comktNewsrpc=33storyid=2007-09-04T075310Z_01_PEK299845_RTRIDST_0_CHINA-SUMMIT-STARBUCKS-URGENT.XML Reuters, (2007b), â€Å"Starbucks raising U.S. Drinks Price Next Week†, accessed on 22nd February 2010, available from: http://www.reuters.com/article/domesticNews/idUSN2337368320070723?feedType=RSSrpc=22sp=true Friedlnet, (2003), â€Å"Analysis: The Chinese Coffee Market†, accessed on 21st February 2010, available from: http://www.friedlnet.com/news/03031606.html USA Today, (2006), â€Å"Starbucks Raises Prices of Most Coffee Drinks by Five Cents†, accessed on 19th February 2010, available from: http://www.usatoday.com/money/industries/food/2006-09-22-starbucks-prices_x.htm CNN, (2000), â€Å"Starbucks Brew Storm in Chinas Forbidden City†, accessed on 16th February 2010, available from: http://edition.cnn.com/2000/FOOD/news/12/11/china.starbucks.reuter Terpstra V. and Sarathy R., (1994), â€Å"International Marketing†, 6th Edition, Orlando: The Dryden Press. Chee H. and Harris R., (1993), â€Å"Marketing a Global Perspective†, Fitman Publishing, London, and p: 21 Lowe R. And Doole I., (2001), â€Å"International Marketing Strategy: Analysis, Development and Implementation, 3rd edition, Thomson learning. Hussey R., (2008), â€Å"Importance of International Trade†, accessed on 15th February 2010, available from: www.thefreelibrary.com/Importance+of+International+Trade-a01073876158

Brave New World Essay -- essays research papers

Imagine a world where all of your fantasies can become reality. Imagine a world without violence or hate, but just youth, beauty, and sex. Imagine a world of perfect â€Å"stability† (42) where â€Å"everyone belongs to everyone else† (43), and no one is unhappy or left out. This sounds like the perfect world. But it’s not. Looks can be deceiving as proven in Aldous Huxley’s novel, Brave New World. In his novel, he introduces us to a society that strives to satisfy everyone’s wants and needs by inflicting pleasure in order to bring stability. However, in order to truly achieve this stability, old world ideas relating to art, history, and religion are abolished, and are replaced by new age technology. As a result, the people of the Brave New World now worship Henry Ford instead of God, use test tubes instead of natural birth, and use a hallucinogenic drug called soma instead of facing reality and the everyday responsibilities of adulthood. Although the appeals of this world are alluring and attractive, they are only a distraction to cover up a hidden truth that can even be seen in today’s society. The fact of the matter is, as technology advances, people are becoming increasingly more dependent on it, resulting in the loss of their own individuality as they inevitably fall to conformity. In turn, society inevitably succumbs to the oppression of what it has come to love, all to achieve stability.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  But is stability worth the cost of individuality? No. Withou...

Book Will Always Exist Essay

We are living in a century of technical progress. More and more new gadgets appear in our everyday lives. If I had been told ten years ago that I would be able to check e-mails, listen to the music and read electronic books with the use of only mobile phone, I wouldn’t have believed it. Nevertheless nowadays it’s as easy as abc to read a book through computer, mobile phone or a special e-books reader. Major IT corporations raise competition for the invention of the most modern and convenient devise helping people among other options to read e-books. One of the advantages of e-books is that you can download it to your mobile phone, for example. Consequently there’s no need to take a heavy thick book with you anymore. Additionally some internet sources give the possibility to download files for free. You don’t go shopping, just to click on an icon. Hence, you simultaneously save your money and time – the most vital things in life. With the appearance of I-Pads, thin and light, more people change from paper books to this new handy gadget. However in spite of the variety of technical devises for reading, in my opinion, books will always exist. There is a large group of people who prefer simple paper to any modern equipment. Some people like the feel and the smell of paper. From my point of view that’s because paper is a natural material, produced from wood. Megapolis citizens often suffer from the lack of nature in the world of electronics and technology. Likewise when I think of myself recharging my batteries after a hard working day I imagine myself lying on a cosy sofa reading a thrilling book, a real paper book. I’d hazard a guess that I’m not the only one for whom a book may be associated with comfort and relax. That’s why it’s so pleasant to hold a book, turn its pages and feel yourself enjoying the atmosphere.

Qualifications to be a United States Representative

Qualifications to be a United States Representative What are the constitutional qualifications to serve as a  U.S.  Representative? The House of Representatives is the lower chamber of the U.S.  Congress, and it currently counts 435 men and women among its members. House members are popularly elected by voters residing  in their home states. Unlike U.S. Senators, they do not represent their entire state, but rather specific geographic districts within the state known as Congressional Districts. House members may serve an unlimited number of two-year terms, but becoming a representative has specific requirements beyond money, loyal constituents, charisma, and the stamina to make it through a campaign. Requirements to Become a U.S. Representative According to Article I, Section 2 of the U.S.  Constitution, House members must be:at least 25 years of age;a citizen of the United States for at least seven years prior to being elected;a resident of the state he or she is chosen to represent. In addition, the post-Civil War Fourteenth Amendment to the United States Constitution prohibits any person who has taken any federal or state oath swearing to support the Constitution, but later took part in a rebellion or otherwise aided any enemy of the U.S. from serving in the House or Senate. In addition, the post-Civil War Fourteenth Amendment to the United States Constitution prohibits any person who has taken any federal or state oath swearing to support the Constitution, but later took part in a rebellion or otherwise aided any enemy of the U.S. from serving in the House or Senate. No other requirements are specified in Article I, Section 2 of the Constitution. However, all Members must take an oath to support the U.S. Constitution before being allowed to exercise the duties of the office. Specifically, the Constitution states, â€Å"No Person shall be a Representative who shall not have attained to the Age of twenty five Years, and been seven Years a Citizen of the United States, and who shall not, when elected, be an Inhabitant of that State in which he shall be chosen.† The Oath of Office The oath taken by both Representatives and Senators as prescribed by the United States Code reads: â€Å"I, (name), do solemnly swear (or affirm) that I will support and defend the Constitution of the United States against all enemies, foreign and domestic; that I will bear true faith and allegiance to the same; that I take this obligation freely, without any mental reservation or purpose of evasion, and that I will well and faithfully discharge the duties of the office on which I am about to enter. So help me God.† Unlike the oath of office sworn by the President of the United States, where it is used only by tradition, the phrase â€Å"so help me God† has been part of the official oath of office for all non-presidential offices since 1862. Discussion Why are these requirements for being elected to the House so much less restrictive than the requirements for being elected to the Senate? The Founding Fathers intended that the House be the chamber of Congress closest to the American people. To help accomplish that, they placed decidedly few hurdles that might prevent any ordinary citizen from being elected to the House in the Constitution. In Federalist 52, James Madison of Virginia wrote that, â€Å"Under these reasonable limitations, the door of this part of the federal government is open to merit of every description, whether native or adoptive, whether young or old, and without regard to poverty or wealth, or to any particular profession of religious faith.† State Residency In creating the requirements to serve in the House of Representatives, the founders drew freely from British Law, which at the time, required members of the British House of Commons to live in the villages and towns they represented. That motivated the founders to include the requirement that Members of the House live in the state they represent in order to increase the likelihood that they would be familiar with the people’s interests and needs. The Congressional district system and the process of apportionment were developed later as the states dealt with how to fairly organize their congressional representation. US Citizenship When the founders were writing the U.S. Constitution, British law banned persons born outside England or the British Empire from ever being allowed to serve in the House of Commons. In requiring members of the House to have been a U.S. citizen for at least seven years, the founders felt they were balancing the need to prevent foreign interference in U.S. affairs and keeping the House close to the people. In addition, the founders did not want to discourage immigrants from coming to the new nation. Age of 25 If 25 sounds young to you, consider that the founders first set the minimum age to serve in the House at 21, same as the voting age. However, during the Constitutional Convention, delegate George Mason of Virginia moved to set the age at 25. Mason argued that some should pass between becoming free to manage one’s own affairs and managing the â€Å"affairs of a great nation.† Despite an objection from Pennsylvania delegate James Wilson, Mason’s amendment was approved by a vote of seven states to three. Despite the 25 year age restriction, there have been rare exceptions. For example, William Claiborne of Tennessee became the youngest person to ever serve in the House when he was elected and seated in 1797 at the age of 22,  Claiborne was allowed to serve under Article I, section 5 of the Constitution, which gives the House itself the authority to determine whether Members-elect are qualified to be seated.   Phaedra Trethan is a freelance writer and a former copy editor for The Philadelphia Inquirer newspaper. Updated by Robert Longley